Mastering Veterinary Dental X-Rays: A Step-by-Step Guide

Simplifying Dental X-Rays in Veterinary Care

Over the past two decades, the approach to teaching and performing dental X-rays in veterinary care has evolved significantly. The method highlighted in this guide breaks down the process into easy-to-follow steps, specifically designed for those new to performing X-rays on animals. The goal is to achieve diagnostic X-rays that provide clear visibility of the bone around the apex of the root and the level of the alveolar bone, without the need for a perfect X-ray image.

The Basics of a Diagnostic X-Ray

A diagnostic dental X-ray must showcase:

• At least two to three millimeters of bone surrounding the root's apex.
• Clear visibility of the alveolar bone level.

These criteria ensure that the X-rays serve their diagnostic purpose, even if they are not aesthetically perfect.

Technique for Maxillary X-Rays

1. Positioning: Place the animal in sternal recumbency and ensure the maxilla is parallel to the table. Use towels under the animal's chin to achieve this.

2. Sensor Placement: Position the sensor flat on the table and ensure the teeth are at the very edge of the sensor, focusing on capturing the roots and alveolar bone rather than the crown.

3. Angle Adjustment: Overcome the bisecting angle technique's complexity by utilizing pre-set angles on most X-ray systems. Adjust the angle as you move around the mouth to capture clear images.

Specific Angles for Different Teeth

• Molars: Use a 60-degree angle for the first and second molars, and a 50-degree angle for the fourth premolar.

• Premolars: Aim at a 45-degree angle.

• Canine Tooth: This can be challenging due to its length. A trick involving the use of your hand to guide the angle can simplify the process. Aim at 70 degrees.

• Incisors: Position the sensor to capture all incisors at once, using a 45-degree angle.

Mandibular X-Rays Technique

1. Positioning for Mandible: Switch the animal to dorsal recumbency and use a towel to keep the mandible parallel to the table.

2. Sensor Alignment: For the back teeth, aim for a parallel shot, meaning the sensor should be parallel to the gum line. Use a 90-degree angle for the tube head.

3. Bisecting Angle for Premolars: For the first to third premolars, adjust the sensor to a 60-degree angle following the jawline.

4. Canines and Incisors: Many dogs allow capturing both in one view with a 45-degree angle. However, larger dogs may require separate shots.

Cats: A Special Mention

Taking full series X-rays on cats has become more manageable with digital X-rays. The process mirrors that of dogs, with minor adjustments for the feline anatomy.

• Maxillary X-Rays for Cats: Similar positioning as dogs, with adjustments in angles for cheek teeth, canines, and incisors.

• Mandibular X-Rays for Cats: Ensure the mandible is parallel, and remember not to fight the tongue. A 60-degree angle can capture cheek teeth, canines, and incisors in fewer shots.

Concluding Thoughts

This method dramatically simplifies the process of taking diagnostic dental X-rays in veterinary care, making it accessible even for those new to the practice. By following the outlined steps and understanding the specific needs based on the animal's anatomy, veterinary professionals can ensure comprehensive dental care with efficiency and ease.

For detailed demonstrations and more tips, watch the full video here.