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Start for freeThe Reign of Nicholas II and Prelude to Revolution
In 1894, Nicholas II ascended to the throne of a vast Russian empire, spanning from the Baltic to the Pacific and comprising 126 million people across 194 ethnic groups. Under his rule, a stark contrast existed between the impoverished lives of workers and peasants and the opulent existence of Russia's elite. The long-standing grievances against systemic injustices led to significant unrest, culminating in a revolution in 1905 that forced Nicholas II to establish a state duma. However, this assembly had limited powers and failed to satisfy both the Tsar and reform advocates.
World War I and Internal Strife
The onset of World War I in 1914 plunged Russia further int... [truncated for brevity]
The February Revolution
By February 1917, widespread discontent fueled by food shortages and economic turmoil led to mass protests in Petrograd on International Women's Day. These protests rapidly escalated as workers, students, and eventually troops joined in, demanding an end to Tsarist rule. The inability of government forces to suppress this uprising led to significant defections among troops. Within days, Tsarist officials were arrested, symbols of imperial authority were destroyed, and Nicholas II was forced to abdicate on March 2nd.
The Provisional Government vs. Petrograd Soviet
Following Nicholas II's abdication, power was assumed by a Provisional Government alongside the more radical Petrograd Soviet. This dual power structure proved unstable as both entities had different agendas. While t... [truncated for brevity]
The Bolshevik Revolution
Amidst growing chaos and dissatisfaction with continued war efforts under the Provisional Government's leadership, Vladimir Lenin saw an opportunity for change. Advocating for 'Bread, Peace,... [truncated for brevity]
Civil War and Aftermath
Following their successful coup in October 1917, the Bolsheviks faced fierce opposition from counter-revolutionary forces supported internationally. Despite brutal conflicts that resulted in millions of casualties among soldiers and civilians alike due to battles and associated famines and epidemics,... [truncated for brevity]
Legacy of a Revolution
By late 1921, after years of conflict,... [truncated for brevity]
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