Decoding the West Philippine Sea Dispute Through Historical Maps and Treaties

Introduction to the West Philippine Sea Dispute

The West Philippine Sea remains a hotbed of geopolitical tension, involving multiple countries staking territorial claims. Central to understanding these disputes is the historical context provided by ancient maps and treaties that delineate territorial boundaries. This discussion will delve specifically in the Philippines' claims, supported by historical cartography and international agreements.

The Role of Historical Maps in Territorial Claims

Historical maps play a crucial role in understanding territorial claims. For instance, the Murillo Velarde map of 1734, an official Spanish document, clearly includes areas like Scarborough Shoal (Panacot) within its depiction of Philippine territory. Similarly, other maps from different periods consistently show islands such as Pag-asa (Thitu), Kota (Loaita), and Itu Aba within what is considered Philippine territory.

Key Maps and Their Significance:

• Murillo Velarde Map (1734): Shows Scarborough Shoal as part of the Philippines.
• Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Islas Filipinas (1875): Provides detailed inclusion of various islands like Pag-asa within Philippine boundaries.
• US Treaty Maps Post-Treaty of Paris (1898): Adopted Spanish maps showing extensive territories including parts outside traditional treaty lines.

International Treaties Impacting Territorial Claims

Several international treaties have played pivotal roles in shaping territorial boundaries:

Treaty of Paris (1898)

The Treaty of Paris initially set out specific geographical coordinates that defined American acquisition from Spain. However, discrepancies in these coordinates led to further negotiations resulting in the Treaty of Washington (1900), which clarified that all islands belonging to the Philippine archipelago, lying outside the lines drawn by earlier treaties, were included as U.S. acquisitions.

Treaty of Washington (1900)

The Treaty explicitly included territories outside previously agreed upon lines under U.S. sovereignty, reinforcing claims over islands like Scarborough Shoal and potentially parts of Spratly Islands group.

Boundary Agreements

The 1930 agreement between US and UK further solidified definitions around what constituted 'Philippine Archipelago', acknowledging all territories acquired under both Treaty of Paris and Treaty of Washington as part of it.

Legal Interpretations and Modern Implications

Modern legal interpretations emphasize adherence to these historical agreements to resolve disputes peacefully. The principle 'uti possidetis juris' suggests that newly formed sovereign states should respect pre-existing administrative boundaries established by colonial powers. This principle supports maintaining status quo boundaries unless mutually agreed changes are made through diplomatic means.

Conclusion on Historical Claims to West Philippine Sea Territories

The combination of historical maps and international treaties provides a robust framework supporting Philippine sovereignty over disputed territories in the West Philippine Sea. These documents not only highlight geographical inclusivity but also underscore legal commitments made over centuries that continue to influence contemporary geopolitical landscapes.

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